Goryokaku Fortress was built between 1857 and 1864 to protect Hakodate port, which opened up to the West in 1854. Its five-pointed star layout, designed by architect Ayasaburo Takeda, is inspired by the European fortresses built by Vauban. With bastions converted into superb gardens that are just the ticket for a stroll, the reconstructed palace of the Governor of Ezo, a spectacular view from the top of the observation tower... The citadel is an impressive site.