Serra de Caramulo, a schist and granite massif, has dense vegetation (pine, oak, chestnut) and a few crops (corn, vines, olives). The western side, which slopes gently towards the coastal plain of Aveiro, contrasts with the eastern side, which is more irregular, is cut into by confluents of the Mondego. The highest point (1 075m) is accessible via a path with 130 steps.